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Jedediah Hotchkiss (November 30, 1828 – January 17, 1899), known most frequently as Jed,^[1] was an educator and the most famous cartographer and topographer of the American Civil War. His detailed and accurate maps of the Shenandoah Valley are credited by many as a principal factor in Confederate General Stonewall Jackson's victories in the Valley Campaign of 1862.

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Early life[edit]

Hotchkiss was born in Windsor, New York. He graduated from the Windsor Academy and, by the age of 18, he was teaching school himself in Lykens Valley, Pennsylvania. The following year he relocated to the Shenandoah Valley and opened the Mossy Creek Academy in Augusta County. He supplemented his income as a schoolteacher by working as a mining geologist. As he explored the beautiful area around his new home he began his hobby (and minor business) of mapmaking that would dominate the rest of his life. In 1853 he married a woman from Pennsylvania named Sara Ann Comfort and together they had two daughters. In 1855 Hotchkiss and his brother Nelson founded the Loch Willow Academy school for boys in Churchville, Virginia. His birthplace, known as the Jedediah Hotchkiss House, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.^[2]

Civil War[edit]

Near the end of June, 1861, Hotchkiss signed on as a Confederate teamster to take supplies to the Churchville Cavalry at Rich Mountain, West Virginia. Hotchkiss offered his services as a mapmaker to Brig. Gen.Richard B. Garnett, whose Confederate brigade was operating in western Virginia. Hotchkiss served at Rich Mountain and created maps for General Robert E. Lee's planned campaign in the mountains. He took a brief medical leave after being stricken with typhoid fever, but returned to duty in March 1862 as chief topographical engineer of the Valley District, reporting to Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson.^[3] On March 26, 1862, Jackson summoned Hotchkiss to his headquarters and directed him to 'make me a map of the Valley, from Harper's Ferry to Lexington, showing all the points of offence and defence [sic] in those places.'

The Shenandoah Valley had never been mapped in detail before. Running 150 miles in length and 25 miles wide, it was a daunting task, but Hotchkiss accepted the assignment, and worked on the map for the remainder of the war. In order to accommodate his large scale of 1:80,000, he glued together three portions of tracing linen to form a large single map of 7 feet by 3 feet.^[4]

Captain Hotchkiss served under Jackson for the rest of the general's life. Producing large volumes of accurate, detailed, and even beautiful maps, he also aided the general by personally directing troop movements across the terrain with which he had become so familiar. Jackson's reputation for lightning movements and surprise attacks, befuddling his enemies, owes much to Hotchkiss's cartography. Together they served in the Valley Campaign, the Northern Virginia Campaign (including Cedar Mountain, the Second Battle of Bull Run, and Chantilly), the Maryland Campaign (including Harpers Ferry and Antietam), and the Battle of Fredericksburg. At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Jackson asked Hotchkiss for eight maps of the area west of Fredericksburg and, along with local residents, discovered the route that Jackson's corps took in the famous flanking march against the Union army.^[5] That night, Jackson was mortally wounded and died less than two weeks later.

After his general's death, Hotchkiss continued to be assigned to the staff of the corps commanders who succeeded Jackson (Generals Richard S. Ewell and Jubal A. Early), but he was frequently called upon to work directly for General Robert E. Lee at the headquarters of the Army of Northern Virginia. Balancing these dual responsibilities, he served through the Gettysburg Campaign, the Mine Run Campaign, and the Overland Campaign. In June 1864 he accompanied General Early on his raid through the Shenandoah Valley toward Washington, D.C., and one of his maps contributed to Early's successful surprise attack against General Philip Sheridan at the Battle of Cedar Creek (although the map was not able to prevent Early's decisive defeat by the end of the battle). He then returned to the Siege of Petersburg with the remnants of Early's defeated army for the remainder of the war.

After General Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, Hotchkiss surrendered to the Union Army. General Ulysses S. Grant had Hotchkiss released from custody and returned his maps to him. Grant paid Hotchkiss for permission to use some of his maps in his reports and almost all of the Confederate maps in the Official Records produced by the U.S. War Department were those drawn by him.

Postbellum career[edit]

As a civilian again, Hotchkiss returned to Staunton, Virginia, reopened his school, and was involved in economic activities designed to promote the recovery of the war-ravaged Shenandoah Valley and in veterans' affairs. After teaching school, he opened an office as a civil and mining consulting engineer and, being so familiar with the geography of the state, was able to steer lucrative foreign and Northern investments to the most appropriate places.

In October, 1865, a Federal detective confronted Hotchkiss with a military order to confiscate his map collection. Hotchkiss refused to obey the order, and instead took some maps to Richmond for examination by army engineers. Despite Federal pressure, he was able to retain ownership of all his maps, while preparing maps of Virginia counties for the United States Army.

Hotchkiss collaborated in the writing of the 12-volume Confederate Military History, writing the 1,295-page Virginia volume himself. His journals were edited in 1973 by Archie P. MacDonald and published under the title Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Cartographer. Hotchkiss's sketchbooks, diaries, and maps are available at the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C.

Jedediah Hotchkiss died at his home in Staunton at age 71. He is buried there in Thornrose Cemetery. The small town of Hotchkiss, West Virginia, in Raleigh County was named for him. The magnificent Queen Anne- and Eastlake-style mansion Hotchkiss built in 1888 at 437 East Beverley Street, Staunton, Virginia, still stands. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and Virginia Landmark Register as The Oaks. It is currently in private ownership after a sale in February 2019 by the family that purchased it from the Hotchkiss heirs in 1948.^[6]

The Hotchkiss map collection[edit]

The Hotchkiss collection contains over 600 maps primarily relating to the Virginias between 1861 and 1865. Some of the maps are from his post-war work, some are of individual estates, and some are source maps made by others. The map collection was retained by his family following his death and refusal of the Federal confiscation order. C. Vernon Eddy, librarian of the Handley Regional Library in Winchester, Virginia made arrangements for the listing and safe-keeping of the maps in specially-made aluminum tubes, before they were finally given to the Library of Congress in 1948, who then published the maps in 1951. Three of the original maps were donated by the Hotchkiss family to the Handley Library: a Route Map of Gettysburg Campaign, a Sketch of the Battle of Winchester [First], and a Sketch of the Second Battle of Winchester. The Jedediah Hotchkiss Papers are available in the Stewart Bell Jr. Archives Room through the Winchester-Frederick County Historical Society at Handley Regional Library in Winchester, Virginia.

Notes[edit]

1. ^McElfresh, p. 244, states that he used the shortened form of his name 'almost exclusively' and his gravestone refers to him as Jed.
2. ^'National Register Information System'. National Register of Historic Places, Broome County, New York. American Dreams, Inc. 2010-08-05.
3. ^He is sometimes referred to as 'Major Hotchkiss' (such as by his Civil War Trustonline biography), but his biography in McElfresh (p. 243) states he was 'plain Mr. Hotchkiss, a hired civilian topographical engineer.' Robertson, pp. 336–37, refers to Hotchkiss is a member of Jackson's staff, but does not list any military rank. Hearn and Marino, p. 8, state that while Hotchkiss never became an officer, he received the pay of a lieutenant in 1861, captain in 1862–64, and major in 1865, and that he never wore a military uniform. The NPS Soldiers and Sailors Database lists Hotchkiss as a topographical engineer, without rank.
4. ^Hearn and Marino, p. 10. McElfresh, p. 27, states that the map was 4.5 × 9 feet, and that the grid lines that run through it clearly indicate that it was used to also prepare smaller tactical, or route, maps.
5. ^Robertson, p. 703.
6. ^437 E Beverley St Staunton, VA 24401 Zillow.com, accessed 23 July 2019.

References[edit]

• Hearn, Chester G., and Mike Marino. Civil War Battles: The Maps of Jedediah Hotchkiss. San Diego: Thunder Bay Press, 2008. ISBN978-1-59223-952-8.
• McElfresh, Earl B. Maps and Mapmakers of the Civil War. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1999. ISBN0-8109-3430-2.
• Robertson, James I., Jr.Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend. New York: MacMillan Publishing, 1997. ISBN0-02-864685-1.
• Biography by the Civil War Trust

Further reading[edit]

• Cozzens, Peter. Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. ISBN978-0-8078-3200-4.
• Hotchkiss, Jedediah. Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson's Topographer. Edited by Archie P. MacDonald. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press, 1988. ISBN0-87074-270-1.

External links[edit]

• 'Jedediah Hotchkiss'. Find a Grave. Retrieved 2009-03-18.

It can be difficult to come up with the perfect gift for your special someone on Valentine’s Day. Fortunately, the Shenandoah Valley is full of wonderful opportunities to show your love. We’ve included ideas for where to spend a romantic weekend away, where to go for a delicious dinner or a spa treatment for two, even how to bond over your mutual love of animals. Pick one or a few from this list to spoil your Valentine right this year.

Romantic Getaways & Specials

Spark your love with a rustic mountain romance package at Sugar Tree Inn (Lexington), This family-run mountain lodge is free from tech to keep you focused on your partner and the now. The package includes two nights in a king-sized room decorated with a seasonal bedside floral arrangement. Share champagne and artisan chocolates with your partner by the fire. Enjoy a delicious breakfast in bed in the morning.

The Friendly City Inn (Harrisonburg) can help make your dreams of romance come true. Rooms at this restored 1885 mansion are decorated with antiques and other charming touches, but they have been updated with modern comforts in mind. Take advantage of the romantic package, which includes two dozen red roses, chocolate-covered strawberries, a bottle of champagne or prosecco, breakfast in bed, and a $50 certificate to a local restaurant. You can even have them set up a private couples’ massage.

Brookside Cabins (Luray) has been hosting guests for 80 years. A stay in this remodeled 1940s motel will help you reconnect with each other as they do not have the distractions of TVs or phones. Book as stay in one of the honeymoon cabins that come complete with hot tubs! You’ll also enjoy the vast, homestyle menu at the onsite Brookside Restaurant.

Plan your romantic getaway (or family getaway with the kids) by reserving a week or weekend at the Shenandoah Vineyard Retreat (Woodstock). Enjoy the idyllic setting amidst the vineyards. Hike Big Schloss, ski at Bryce Resort, and hang out by the firepit.

Waynesboro’s Iris Inn is a tranquil, modern retreat that provides guests with an incredible view of the Shenandoah Valley from above. Enjoy a treat of locally sourced wine and cheese before retiring to your room to watch the sunset over the Valley and soaking in the two-person jacuzzi. Celebrate Valentine’s Day with one of several romantic packages. We’d recommend the Sweetheart Package for a traditional Valentine’s Day experience. You’ll inspire romance with a dozen red roses, hand-dipped chocolate-covered strawberries, and a bottle of champagne.

Head to the Inn at Meadowcroft (Swoope) for an incredible Valentine’s Weekend Getaway. Enjoy a 3-day, 2-night stay in the historic and romantic inn. You’ll be welcomed on Friday with a treat of Virginia sparkling wine and local chocolates. The package includes gourmet dinners at the inn both Friday and Saturday’ nights.

Cider House Bed and Breakfast sits just north of Waynesboro on a historic apple orchard farm. The house boasts antique furnishings and details, but has been updated with all the modern comforts you expect. You’ll love not only the views of the mountains and the stars, but also the romance package that will help you celebrate Valentine’s day with luscious truffles and a bouquet of gorgeous flowers.

The Blackburn Inn’s (Staunton) Valentine Sweetheart Package is the perfect way to show your partner how much you care. The romance of your luxurious room will be enhanced by rose petal sprinkles, a bottle of Prosecco, and chocolate-covered strawberries. The next morning, breakfast for two will be delivered to your room.

Hotel 24 South’s (Staunton) Date Night Getaways turn a Friday or Saturday night into something extra special. Not only will you get to relax in your stylish room, you’ll also get chocolate-covered strawberries, drinks credit in The 1924 Lounge, and a delicious breakfast for two. Even your parking is included in this special.

Romantic Restaurants and Food and Drink Specials

Benny Stivale’s (Waynesboro) and Shenandoah Pizza (Staunton) serve huge heart-shaped pizzas for hungry couples or families.

Zynodoa (Staunton) offers a delicious modern twist on classic Southern cuisine. You’ll always be able to find something delightful that emphasizes local and seasonal ingredients, but you won’t want to miss the special Valentine’s Day menu.

The Clocktower restaurant (Staunton) serves a great menu with modern versions of classic pastas and desserts as well as a large sandwich and panini selection. You can get amazing crab cakes and even seven different kinds of mac and cheese any day of the year, but they’re really going all out for Valentine’s Day with their special Eats & Sweets menu.

Plan a romantic evening at Haywood’s Piano Bar (Lexington). Not only will you indulge in delicious food made with fresh, locally sourced ingredients, but there’s also nightly entertainment.

For a romantic meal, dine in or take out at RHouse Wine & Cafe (Basye). Pick out a bottle of wine and split a Formaggio & Salumi de la casa, which is a delicious assortment of cheeses and charcuterie from around the world. This platter is accented by fresh bread and seasonal fruits.

Dine in or take out at the Woodstock Cafe (Woodstock). For a special night, order a dish made with homemade pasta. You can also get artisan sandwiches, salad, and baked goods. After you eat, browse the huge selection at the onsite wine shop, and pick out a tasty or fun gift at The Pantry at 117.

If your idea of a wonderful Valentine’s Day date is eating delicious treats from the comfort of your home, order some wine and a charcuterie box for two from The Valley Cork (Luray). The box contains cheeses, crackers, meats, fruit, and sweets.

Make reservations for Valentine’s Weekend (Feb 12 at Local Chop & Grill House (Harrisonburg). The Valley’s best products and produce will be highlighted in a seasonal three-course dinner. $55/person.

Joshua Wilton House (Harrisonburg) is pleased to announce that we will be open Sunday, February 14th with extended hours from 4 p.m. – 8:30 p.m.

Make reservations at Rocktown Kitchen (Harrisonburg) for the special Valentine’s dinner and cocktail list. This small restaurant emphasizes locally sourced ingredients and serves elevated American cuisine. The special menu includes tempura fried shrimp, surf and turf with filet mignon and bacon-wrapped scallops or seared Chilean sea bass with roasted cauliflower risotto, and decadent chocolate sin cake with raspberry coulis, sweet cream, and fresh fruit.

Local Wine & More

Shenandoah Vineyards (Edinburg) is offering a winter wine special trio for just $55! Enjoy bottles of Pinot Gris, Cabernet Franc, and Cabernet Sauvignon from this award-winning winery.

Plan to pick up a bottle of wine or spend the afternoon enjoying the mountain views at one of Berryville’s premier vineyards. You can even call ahead to reserve a fire pit at Veramar Vineyard (Berryville). This family-owned winery produces 14 different varietals, including award-winning cabernet franc, seyval blanc, riesling/vidal, and rosé.

Del Mello Vineyards (Quicksburg) and Valley Pike Farm Market (Weyers Cave) stock a selection of wines and tasty wine chocolates.

You can’t go wrong with a bottle (or three) of wine from Castle Vineyards (Luray), Wisteria Farm & Vineyard (Stanley), Briede Family Vineyards (Winchester), James Charles Winery (Winchester), Lightwell Survey (Waynesboro), Barren Ridge Vineyards (Fishersville), and Rockbridge Vineyard and Winery (Raphine).

Share a whiskey tasting at River Hill Distillery (Luray). This family-owned distillery makes bourbon and corn whisky and either produces or sources locally all the ingredients that go into the product.

Grab some beers from Hawksbill Brewing Company (Luray), which also uses locally grown hops, honey, blackberries, and more in their beers.

Gifts

You’ll definitely find something special at The Virginia Farmhouse (Woodstock), a family-owned shop that stocks an ever-changing selection of Virginia-made food and treats, goods, and artwork. Buy one special item or put together a gift basket for your Valentine that’s full of wine, candy, jewelry, soaps made with soothing essential oils, and decorative or functional housewares.

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She’ll look and feel great in jewelry and accessories from Shenandoah Made (Luray). These include locally made, hand-dyed habouti silk scarves and hand-painted brass or copper earrings. Artist Susan Rocke calls it wearable art.

There’s something for everyone at the 10,000-square foot Warehouse Art Gallery (Luray), including sculptures, paintings, jewelry, pottery, glass art, and more. Shoppers can explore the more than 1000 available works of art by 90 regional artists.

Look for unique treasures including journals and jewelry in Sugar Maple Trading Company (Lexington).

SweetNanaCakes Bake Shoppe (Waynesboro) creates Valentine’s Day treats with a twist! Heartbreaker boxes are 8” chocolate boxes filled with the candy of your choice. They come with a wooden mallet to break them. Pour hot milk over a cocoa bomb to make it melt into decadent hot chocolate in your mug.

Head to the 1st Annual Warren County Chocolate Crawl (February 7th and 14th). Spread the love by stopping in at the participating businesses for your chocolate treat! No purchase is necessary, but many places will be having special sales, menus, drinks, or desserts.

Chocolates are another old Valentine’s standby that we shouldn’t mess with because they’re just so perfect. Cocoa Mill (Lexington & Staunton) all kinds of treats including heart-shaped boxes filled with artisan truffles. You can also get kind of crazy with boozy truffles and order a side of spice-it-up bark!

Other places to score candy for Valentine’s Day include I Want Candy (Front Royal), Shenandoah Fine Chocolates (Winchester), and Warfel’s Chocolates (Dayton).

Flowers

Flowers have the power to brighten your day and make you feel loved. Shop the Valentine’s Day specials at Ava’s Florist (Fishersville). The Jefferson Florist and Garden (Lexington), Waynesboro Florist, and Honey Bees Florist (Staunton) are also good bets.

Bluebells Florist (Winchester), Blakemore’s Flowers (Harrisonburg), Evergreen and Victoria Floral (Broadway), Donahoe’s Whimsical Flowers (Front Royal), Sponseller’s Flower Shop (Berryville)

Spa Treatments

Can you think of a better way to relax than with a massage or spa treatment? Here are some of our recommendations.

Freda’s Skin Studio (Waynesboro): For the entire month of February you can get a complimentary stress relief foot soak and foot massage with any facial.

Mill Street Body & Soul Day Spa and Salon (Staunton): Indulge in a sole-relaxing treatment for couples the Valentine’s Day. Your partner (and your feet) will love you for it! Stick around for a 30, 60, or 90-minute massage if you want even more relaxation.

Ali & Co. (Staunton): You’ll love getting your hands on some make-your-own love potion massage oils or great-smelling heart-shaped bath bombs.

Other good places for spa treatments include Intuitive Touch Massage Therapy (Lexington), Smooth Day Spa (Penn Laird), Escapes Spa (Harrisonburg)

Enjoy the Outdoors & Active Fun with Your Love

It’s great fun to tour the Virginia Safari Park (Natural Bridge)! Kids and adults love to look at and feed the animals while exploring their habitats. If you’re looking for an even rarer experience, sign up to spend a Saturday with a pair of cheetahs, penguins, or sloths and their handlers. Not only will you bond with your Valentine, you’ll learn how the animal-care specialists feed and interact with their charges!

Devils Marbleyard (Rockbridge County) is a relatively easy 2-mile hike that offers terrific views in the winter and pays off with an interesting field of enormous granite boulders ripe for exploration, climbing, and selfies. This hike can be stretched into an eight-miler if you want to make a day out of it.

Connect with your sweetie with a North Mountain Outfitter (Swoope) couple’s ride through the George Washington National Forest. Taking inspiration from the Old West, “North Mountain Outfitter rekindles the cowboy way of life by providing riders with a unique wilderness adventure.” This 3-hour private ride includes a “saddle lunch.”

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Point of View Alpaca Farm (Mt. Sidney) – For couples who love animals and having unusual experiences, Point of View Alpaca Farm’s Walk-a-Paca activity will be a lot of fun. Participants will be educated about alpacas, paired with suitable animals and taught handling techniques. After that, the fun begins as you take a guided stroll of the beautiful farm with your new friend. Selfies are encouraged and alpaca products are available after the walk!

Race the clock to problem solve with your Valentine at Crack the Code Escape Room (Staunton). From cat ladies, to weather gods, to missing FBI agents, five games are available right now, including two especially designed around Staunton.

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Take a special Valentine’s Day Sweets and Treats guided trail ride at Fort Valley Ranch. After exploring the mountains and national forest, you’ll return to the ranch to warm up with hot drinks and s’mores around the campfire. Regular rides are offered in various lengths, from one hour to a full-day adventure for experienced horse people. Make a weekend out of it by booking a two-night stay in one of the ranch’s cabins.

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Horse enthusiasts will also enjoy trail rides through the foothills at Rocking S Ranch (Winchester). This ride will appeal to history buffs as it covers some of the same ground covered by Civil War calvaries.

If you’re looking for a private, moderate hike that shines in the winter, try the hike to Eagle Rock (near Strasburg) on Great North Mountain. The summit doesn’t offer a view, but you’ll want to spend some time at the overlook, admiring the long views of nearby mountains. The 2.5-mile out-and-back hike climbs 500 feet and straddles the VA/WV line.